We have a garbage patch? In the sea? Did we get to vote on that? Oh I see- you never heard of it?
The
Great Pacific garbage patch has one of the highest levels known of
plastic particulate suspended in the upper water column. As a result, it
is one of several oceanic regions where researchers have studied the
effects and impact of plastic
photodegradation in the neustonic layer of water.Unlike organic debris,
which biodegrades, the photodegraded plastic disintegrates into ever
smaller pieces while remaining a polymer. This process continues down to
the molecular level.As the plastic flotsam photodegrades into smaller
and smaller pieces, it concentrates in the upper water column. As it
disintegrates, the plastic ultimately becomes small enough to be
ingested by aquatic organisms that reside near the ocean's surface. In
this way, plastic may become concentrated in neuston, thereby entering
the food chain.
Children laying within the garbage patch.
Some plastics decompose within a year of
entering the water, leaching potentially toxic chemicals such as
bisphenol A, and PCB's.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Pacific_Garbage_Patch
The gyre has actually given birth to two large masses of
ever-accumulating trash, known as the Western and Eastern Pacific
Garbage Patches, sometimes collectively called the Great Pacific Garbage
Patch. The Eastern Garbage Patch floats between Hawaii and California;
scientists estimate its size as two times bigger than Texas [source: LA
Times]. The Western Garbage Patch forms east of Japan and west of
Hawaii. Each swirling mass of refuse is massive and collects trash from
all over the world. The patches are connected by a thin 6,000-mile long
current called the Subtropical Convergence Zone. Research flights showed
that significant amounts of trash also accumulate in the Convergence
Zone.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_Ocean_garbage_patch
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_Atlantic_garbage_patch
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plastisphere
The garbage patches present numerous hazards to marine life, fishing
and tourism. But before we discuss those, it's important to look at the
role of plastic. Plastic constitutes 90 percent of all trash floating in
the world's oceans [source: LA Times]. The United Nations Environment
Program estimated in 2006 that every square mile of ocean hosts 46,000
pieces of floating plastic [source: UN Environment Program]. In some
areas, the amount of plastic outweighs the amount of plankton by a ratio
of six to one. Of the more than 200 billion pounds of plastic the world
produces each year, about 10 percent ends up in the ocean [source:
Greenpeace]. Seventy percent of that eventually sinks, damaging life on
the ocean floor [source: Greenpeace]. The rest floats; much of it ends
up in gyres and the massive garbage patches that form there, with some
plastic eventually washing up on a distant shore.
The Problem with Plastic
The main problem with plastic -- besides there being so much of it --
is that it doesn't biodegrade. No natural process can break it down.
(Experts point out that the durability that makes plastic so useful to
humans also makes it quite harmful to nature.) Instead, plastic
photodegrades. A plastic cigarette lighter cast out to sea will fragment
into smaller and smaller pieces of plastic without breaking into
simpler compounds, which scientists estimate could take hundreds of
years. The small bits of plastic produced by photodegradation are called
mermaid tears or nurdles.
These tiny plastic particles can get
sucked up by filter feeders and damage their bodies. Other marine
animals eat the plastic, which can poison them or lead to deadly
blockages. Nurdles also have the insidious property of soaking up toxic
chemicals. Over time, even chemicals or poisons that are widely diffused
in water can become highly concentrated as they're mopped up by
nurdles. These poison-filled masses threaten the entire food chain,
especially when eaten by filter feeders that are then consumed by large
creatures.
Plastic has acutely affected albatrosses, which roam
a wide swath of the northern Pacific Ocean. Albatrosses frequently
grab food wherever they can find it, which leads to many of the birds
ingesting -- and dying from -- plastic and other trash. On Midway
Island, which comes into contact with parts of the Eastern Garbage
Patch, albatrosses give birth to 500,000 chicks every year. Two hundred
thousand of them die, many of them by consuming plastic fed to them by
their parents, who confuse it for food [source: LA Times]. In total,
more than a million birds and marine animals die each year from
consuming or becoming caught in plastic and other debris.
Nearly all experts who speak about the subject raise the same point: It
comes down to managing waste on land, where most of the trash
originates. They recommend lobbying companies to find alternatives to
plastic, especially environmentally safe, reusable packaging. Recycling
programs should be expanded to accommodate more types of plastic, and
the public must be educated about their value.
Learn how to fix it.. visit these pages on How Stuff Works:
How Recycling Works
Where can I recycle my old electronics?
Why would there be no more fish in 40 years?
If the polar ice caps melted, how much would the oceans rise?
What can I do about global warming?
Should we be worried about the Dead Zone in the Gulf of Mexico?
What causes high tide and low tide?
How Rip Currents Work
How do they measure sea level?
More Great Links
Algalita Marine Research Foundation - Volunteering
Plastic Debris in the World's Oceans
We will be known by the junk we throw away
What affect could this be having on our oceans? Will it be known within our lifetimes or will it be our children's lifetime? For those of you with beautiful fish tanks and saltwater/freshwater aquariums at home. Love them, treat them well, enjoy your hobby. Show your children how you feel about them. Impart some value onto them so that they may rise to the occasion, and yes that occasion will be here sooner than we think, on the sins we have forged within our seas. Create a bond so that our children will see the importance of our seas and the life they carry.
